
PRESS TOOL
Press tools are commonly used in hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical presses to produce the sheet metal components in large volumes. Generally press tools are categorized by the types of operation performed using the tool, such as blanking, piercing, bending, forming, forging, trimming etc.
Definition:-
The tools which are used to shear or form sheet* metals placed between a punch and die under the action of impact or continuous pressure.
*Sheet Metals: There is no definite criteria for differentiating plates from sheet metals. But Generally press tools are more feasible upto a thickness of 8mm.
Tolerances- Because Sheet Metal parts are manufactured from a single sheet of metal the part must maintain a uniform wall thickness. Sheet metal parts with a minimum of 0.9mm to 20mm in thickness can be manufactured.
Measurement-Sheet metal thickness is measured in gauges. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal. The most commonly used sheet metal sizes range from 30 gauge (thinner) to 7 gauge (thicker).This gauge is an US standard.If talking about Indian then mm is used.
Parts of Press Tool
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Top Plate
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Thrust Plate or Punch Back Plate
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Punch Holder Plate
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punch
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Stripper Plate
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Strip Guide
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Die Plate
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Die Back Plate
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Bottom Plate
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Base Plate
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Shank
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Spacer
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Guide Pillar
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Guide Bush
Basic Construction of Press Tool

Top Plate: Top Plate Holds & supports all parts of the top half of the press tool.
Thrust Plate: Bears the thrust load being applied to the punch & prevents it from penetrating into the Top Plate.
Punch Holder Plate: Retains the position of punch and helps in the mounting of punches.
Punch: The male part of the press tool which is responsible of internal shape of the component.
Stripper Plate: It's Function is to stripes off or removes the strip from punch subsequent to the operation.
Die Plate: The cavity part of a press tool which is responsible of outer shape of the component.
Bottom Plate: Bottom Plate holds & supports all parts of the bottom half of the press tool.
Spacer: It's provides height to the press tool.
Base Plate: Base Plate support the parts of the tool.
Shank: It is fixed at the top of the top plate it facilitates the loading of the press tool on the press machine.
Stopper: Its function is to maintain proper positioning of the component in the die in secondary operations or to maintain proper gaps between two components.
Guide Pillar: It is placed in bottom plate of the bottom half. It's guide and maintain the relative position of the top & bottom half of the tool.
Guide Bush: It is placed in top plate of the top half. It's maintain the relative position of the top and bottom half.
Classification of press tool
a. Simple Press Tool
(1) Blanking tool
(2) Piercing tool
b. Progressive Tool
c. Compound Tool
d. Combination Tool
A. SIMPLE TOOL
1.Blanking tool
When the outer profile of a component is produced with the help of punch and die in one single stroke of the tool is called Blanking tool.
2.Piercing tool
It is a type of press tool in which punch and die is used to produced hole in the sheet metal in one stroke of the tool is called Piercing tool.
B. PROGRESSIVE TOOL
A Progressive tool is a tool in which the stroke strip is advanced through a sequence of operation (at two or more stations) which towards the completion of the piece part.
Advantages
a. No. of operation can be performed by a single press stroke.
b. A progressive die can be automatic and semi-automatic type.
c. Rate of component production is high
d. it reduces cycle time.
Limitations
a. If the stroke materials is thin than that it can not be piloted.
b. Flatness of component cannot be achieved.
c. When the component carry too many forms that the die becomes unstable against continuous production.
C. COMPOUND TOOL
It's performs two or more cutting operation during one stroke of the press at one station only. In this both upper and lower member at the die set carry punching and blanking elements. Which are directly oppose to each other.
In other word the pierciing punchs act in the opposite direction with respect to the banking punch.
Advantages
a. Burr direction is same is achieved in the component.
b. Accuracy of piece part can be achieved.
c. Feasible of large component.
d. Flatness of component can be achieved.
Disadvantages
a. It is more economical than a progressive tool.
b. No. of are more, so the tool is heavy.
D. COMBINATION TOOL
A Combination tool is a tool which is a cutting operation is combined with a non-cutting operation. The cutting operation include blanking, piercing,trimming and cut off are combined with non-cutting operation which may include bending, forming, extruding and embossing.
Advantages
a. We can performed no. of operation in a tool including cutting and non-cutting.
Different press operation.....+Introduction in given pdf
Question Answer
What is a press used for?
Press tools are commonly used in hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical presses to produce the sheet metal components in large volumes. Generally press tools are categorized by the types of operation performed using thetool, such as blanking, piercing, bending, forming, forging, trimming etc.
What is Uses Of A Hydraulic Press?
A hydraulic press is used for almost all industrial purposes. But basically it is used for transforming metallic objects into sheets of metal. In other industries, it is used for the thinning of glass, making powders in case of the cosmetic industry and for forming the tablets for medical use ...
What is the presses?
A forming press, commonly shortened to press, is a machine tool that changes the shape of a workpiece by the application of pressure. Presses can be classified according to. their mechanism: hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic; their function: forging presses, stamping presses, press brakes, punch press, etc.
What is a press die?
A die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material mostly using a press. Like molds, dies are generally customized to the item they are used to create. Products made with dies range from simple paper clips to complex pieces used in advanced technology.
What is a press tool?
Press tools are commonly used in hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical presses to produce components at high volumes. Generally press tools are categorized by the types of operation performed using the tool, such as blanking, piercing, bending, forming, forging, trimming etc.
What does a power press do?
A power press is a very useful machine used in mass production mainly from cold working of ductile materials such as mild steel. Normally a power press has a rotating flywheel which acts like a storehouse of energy and is used to operate the ram which provides the necessary impact to the workpiece.
How does Pascal's law apply to hydraulic press?
Pascal's law states that when there is an increase in pressure at any point in a confined fluid, there is an equal increase at every other point in the container. ...Applied to a more complex system below, such as a hydraulic car lift, Pascal's lawallows forces to be multiplied.
What is a fly press used for?
A Fly Press is a machine tool used to shape sheet metal by deforming it or cutting it with punches and dies. The punch is usually the top (male) tool and the die (female) bottom tool.
How does a hydraulics work?
The basic rule of using hydraulic power is Pascal's Principle. Pascal's Principle: pressure exerted on a fluid is distributed equally throughout the fluid. Hydraulicsuses incompresible liquids so the applied pressure from one end (small arrow) is equal to the desired pressure on the other end (big arrow).
What is a hydraulic press juicer?
The Hydraulic Press Juicer Extractor. Several types of juicers are out on the market, including centrifugal, single gear, twin gear and hydraulic press juicerextractors. ... As the name implies, a hydraulic press juicer uses pressure to extract the juice out of raw produce.
What is meant by press tool?
Press tools are commonly used in hydraulic, pneumatic, and mechanical presses to produce the sheet metal components in large volumes. Generally press tools are categorized by the types of operation performed using the tool, such as blanking, piercing, bending, forming, forging, trimming etc.
What is the kiss cut?
KISSCUT: Kiss Cuts are light cuts within the border of your stickers. The stickers can be peeled out of the backing material and the backing material remains. MultipleKiss Cuts on one sticker are usually called a 'sticker sheet'.
What is the punch and die?
Punching is a forming process that uses a punch press to force a tool, called apunch, through the workpiece to create a hole via shearing. ... The punch often passes through the work into a die. A scrap slug from the hole is deposited into thedie in the process.
What is simple die?
1: Simple Dies: Simple dies or single action dies perform single operation for each stroke of the press slide. The operation may be one of the operation listed under cutting or forming dies. 2: Compound Dies: ... Figure shows a simple compounddie in which a washer is made by one stroke of the press.
What is a combination die?
It is difficult from compound die in that in this die, a cutting operation is combined with a bending or drawing operation, due to that it is called combination die. 4: Progressive Dies: A progressive or follow on die has a series of operations.
Operation
What is nibbling operation?
The nibbling process cuts a contour by producing a series of overlapping slits or notches. This allows for complex shapes to be formed in sheet metal up to 6 mm (0.25 in) thick using simple tools. The nibbler is essentially a small punch and die that reciprocates quickly; around 300–900 times per minute.
What is trimming operation?
Trimming is a manufacturing process that is used as a finishing operation for forged parts, in order to remove flash. ... Most often it is desirable to perform thisoperation while the work is still hot for maximum efficiency, therefore it is usually incorporated into the larger production process.
What is a blanking press?
Blanking and piercing are shearing processes in which a punch and die are used to modify webs. The tooling and processes are the same between the two, only the terminology is different: in blanking the punched out piece is used and called a blank; in piercing the punched out piece is scrap.
What is notching operation?
Notching is a shearing process during which a metal scrap piece is removed from the outside edge of a metal workpiece. Notching is typically a manually operated, low-production process.
What is cutting operations?
Blanking is the operation of cutting a flat shape from sheet metal. The product punched out is called the “blank” and the required product of the operation the hole and the metal left behind is discarded as waste. 2: Punching or Piercing: It is acutting operation by which various shaped holes are made in sheet metal.
What is the difference between punching and piercing?
Perforating (Punching) is generally used to describe all die-cut holes, regardless of their size or shape. In Techniques in Press working Sheet Metal, Eary and Reeddifferentiate between punching and piercing by emphasizing the fact that a slug is produced in punching operations but not in piercing work.
What is the deep drawing process?
Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch. It is thus a shape transformation process with material retention. The process is considered "deep" drawing when the depth of the drawn part exceeds its diameter.
What is the drawing process?
Drawing is a metalworking process which uses tensile forces to stretch metal or glass. As the metal is drawn (pulled), it stretches thinner, into a desired shape and thickness. Drawing is classified in two types: sheet metal drawing and wire, bar, and tube drawing.
What is hubbing process?
Hubbing is a metalworking process that is used to make dies. It is a cold-workingprocess, which means that it occurs well below the melting temperature of the metal being worked.
What is a rolling process?
In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness and to make the thickness uniform. The concept is similar to the rolling of dough. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled.
What is coining operation?
Coining is a closed die forging process, in which pressure is applied on the surface of the forging in order to obtain closer tolerances, smoother surfaces and eliminate draft. Closed die forging is a process in which forging is done by placing the work piece between two shaped dies.
What is cold drawing process?
The Cold Drawing Process for Steel Bars and Wire. Raw Stock: Hot rolled steel bar or rod coils are used as raw material. Because the hot rolled products are produced at elevated temperatures (1700 - 2200 Deg. ... The drawing machine pulls or draws the remaining unreduced section of the bar or coil through the die.
What is the difference between embossing and coining?
The difference between coining and embossing is that the same design is created on both sides of the work piece in embossing (one side depressed and the other raised ), whereas in coining operation, a different design is created on each side of work piece.
What is bending operation?
Bending is a manufacturing process that produces a V-shape, U-shape, or channel shape along a straight axis in ductile materials, most commonly sheet metal. Commonly used equipment include box and pan brakes, brake presses, and other specialized machine presses.
What is sheet metal operation?
Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat pieces. Sheet metal is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking and it can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. ... Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips.
What is the K factor in sheet metal?
SOLIDWORKS sheet metal tools are relatively straight forward, but may not be clearly understood. In sheet metal, there is a powerful bend constant known as theK-Factor. It ultimately allows you to estimate the amount of stretch without knowing what type of material you are bending.
What is the bend allowance?
The bend allowance and bend deduction are two measures that relate the bentlength of a piece of sheet metal to the flat length. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend.
What is meant by bend allowance?
By definition, the bend allowance is the arc length of the bend as measured along the neutral axis of the material. By definition, the bend deduction is the difference between the bend allowance and twice the outside setback.
What is the bending radius of a cable?
Bend radius, which is measured to the inside curvature, is the minimum radius one can bend a pipe, tube, sheet, cable or hose without kinking it, damaging it, or shortening its life. The smaller the bend radius, the greater is the material flexibility (as the radius of curvature decreases, the curvature increases).
What is the difference between K factor and Y factor?
The formula according to which developed length is calculated is: L = ( 0.5 * Pi / R +Y-Factor * T ) Angle / 90. The Y-Factor = ( Pi / 2 ) * K-Factor. The K-Factor is a physical value defining the ratio of distance from the inner side of the bend to the neutral layer and sheet metal thickness
